Psychoanalysis:
Psychoanalysis brings the unconscious meaning of residues of personal experience to the fore, and demonstrates how these unconscious factors affect current relationships and patterns of behavior. In order to help master these influences, psychoanalysis traces them back to their historical origins. This permits people to see how these residues have changed and developed over time, thereby offering the potential to deal more constructively with their appearance in current life.
Analysis is an intimate partnership. The bonds created in the course of treatment create a safe environment for self-revelation. Through exploring the bonds of the partnership formed in treatment, not only do people become aware of unconscious meanings, but the bonds themselves can reveal important ways in which difficulties can repeat themselves. The experience with the analyst is not simply intellectual, but is emotional and spans the range of human expressivity.
Continuity in treatment is essential to developing the closeness and intimacy required for this form of self-exploration. Typically, meetings with the analyst take place three or four times a week. Patients lie on a couch so that they can better attend to their internal processes. They set their own pace and their own agenda for the treatment by saying everything that comes to mind, to the best of their ability.
The conditions of psychoanalytic treatment create a unique setting that allows aspects of the mind to emerge that are inaccessible to other methods of observation. As the patient speaks, hints of the unconscious sources of current difficulties gradually begin to make themselves clear through repetitive patterns of behavior, in the subjects that the patient finds hard to talk about, and in the ways the person relates to the analyst.
The analyst helps by tending to the evolution of the therapeutic bond. This allows the analyst to make meaningful reflections on the person’s difficulties. With these reflections, the person can refine, correct, reject, and further modify thoughts and feelings. During the years that an analysis takes place, the patient wrestles with these insights, going over them again and again with the analyst, and noting their influence on present experience in daily life, in fantasies, and in dreams. Through a joint effort with the analyst, the person gradually gains mastery over crippling life patterns, or over incapacitating symptoms. This newfound mastery also helps to expand the freedom to work and to love. Over the course of time, the person’s life—his or her behavior, relationships, and sense of self—changes in deep and abiding ways.